Pavlov's research would suggest that it remains but is inactive after extinction, and can be re-activated by reinstating, for example, the food reward, as it was given during the original conditioning. When experimental extinction occurs, is the association permanently broken? He then played the tone but did not follow that by rewarding the dogs with food.ДЄfter he made the sound without food numerous times, the dogs' produced less saliva as the conditioning underwent experimental extinction - a case of 'unlearning' the association. Pavlov presented the dogs with a tone which they would come to associate with food. Once an animal has been inadvertently conditioned to produce a response to a stimulus, can this association ever be broken? 'Unconditioning' through experimental extinction Let us look now at some of the nuances of Pavlov's findings in relation to classical conditioning. Traditional theories of memory segmented human memory into different stores. In Depth Craik & Lockhart (1972) Levels of Processing Theory The dogs would demonstrate a similar association between these events and the food that followed. These included precise tones produced by a buzzer, the ticking of a metronome and electric shocks. Pavlov continued his research and tested a variety of other neutral stimuli which would otherwise be unlinked to the receipt of food. This association could be created through repeating the neutral stimulus along with the unconditioned stimulus, which would become a conditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response: salivation. A neutral event, such as opening a door (a neutral stimulus, NS) could be associated with another event that followed - in this case, being fed (known as the unconditioned stimulus, UCS). This response demonstrated the basic principle of classical conditioning. He found that the dogs would begin to salivate when a door was opened for the researcher to feed them. These measurements would then be recorded onto a revolving drum so that Pavlov could monitor salivation rates throughout the experiments.

Pavlov's dogs were each placed in an isolated environment and restrained in a harness, with a food bowl in front of them and a device was used to measure the rate at which their saliva glands made secretions. By playing sounds to the dogs prior to feeding them, Pavlov showed that they could be conditioned to unconsciously associate neutral, unrelated events with being fed 2. However, the dogs also began to salivate when events occurred which would otherwise be unrelated to feeding. 1 However, the two were unaware of each other's research in this case of simultaneous discovery, and Pavlov received credit for the findings.

discovered classical conditioning at approximately the same time as Pavlov was conducting his research ( Coon, 1982). Psychologist Edwin Twitmyer at the University of Pennsylvania in the U.S.

Ivan pavlov